【附加练习】学而思 | 思维创新大通关 | 加减法巧算(计算模块,含试题及讲解)

本文题目来源于学而思思维创新大通关,难度较大,请酌情食用。
题
目
讲
解
例题1:
// 凑整法的逆向运用,学废了吗?
1. 100000 - 46323
= (99999 + 1) - 46323
= (99999 - 46323) + 1
= 53676 + 1
= 53677
2. 111111110000000 - 1111111
= (111111109999999 + 1) - 1111111
= (111111109999999 - 1111111) + 1
= 111111108888888 + 1
= 111111108888889
例题2:
// 加减混合运算的凑整法:找朋友。找到了吗?
1. 345 + 779 + 655
= (345 + 655) + 779
= 1000 + 779
= 1779
2. 1137 + 569 - 237
= (1137 - 237) + 569
= 900 + 569
= 1469
3. 3514 - 795 - 205
= 3514 - (795 + 205)
= 3514 - 1000
= 2514
4. 7443 + 478 + 2485 - 128 + 122 + 567 - 72 + 245
= (7443 + 567) + (478 + 122) + (2485 + 245) - (128 + 72)
= 8010 + 600 + 2730 - 200
= 8010 + 2730 + 400
= 10740 + 400
= 11140
例题3:
1. 998 + 97 + 9 + 996
= (1000 - 2) + (100 - 3) + (10 - 1) + (1000 - 4)
= 1000 + 100 + 1000 + 10 - 1 - 2 - 3 -4
= 2100
2. 605 + 502 + 301 + 404 + 203
= (600 + 5) + (500 + 2) + (300 + 1) + (400 + 4) + (200 + 3)
= 600 + 400 + 500 + 300 + 200 + 5 + 2 + 3 + 1 + 4
= 2000 + 15
= 2015
3. 4508 - 6701 + 5503 - 3309
= (4500 + 8) - (6700 + 1) + (5500 + 3) - (3300 + 9)
= 4500 + 8 - 6700 - 1 + 3 - 3300 - 9
= 4500 + 5500 - (6700 + 3300) + 8 + 3 - 9 - 1
= 10000 - 10000 + 1
= 1
例题4:
1. 100-99+98-97+96-95+···+4-3+2-1
= (100-99)+(98-97)+(96-95)+···+(4-3)+(2-1)
= 1 x 50
= 50
2. 1-2-3+4+5-6-7+8+···+2013-2014-2015+2016+2017
= (1-2-3+4)+(5-6-7+8)+···+(2013-2014-2015+2016)+2017
= 0*504+2017
= 2017
例题5:
// 此方法看不懂,参考作业讲解之加减法巧算第8题;文末有链接
1. 1+2+3+···+49+50+49+···+3+2+1
= 50*50
= 2500
// 方法二
1. 1+2+3+···+49+50+49+···+3+2+1
= 2*(1+2+3+···+49)+50
= 2*(1+49)/2*49+50
= 49*50+50
= 50*50
= 2500
2. 4+8+12+···+396+400+396+···+12+8+4
= 4*(1+2+3+···+99+100+99+···+3+2+1)
= 4*100*100
= 40000
例题6:
// 位值法
6472-(4476-2480)+5319-(3323-1327)+9354-(7358-5362)+6839-(4843-2847)
= 6472-4476+2480+5319-3323+1327+9354-7358+5362+6839-4843+2847
= 6472+2480+5319+1327+9354+5362+6839+2847-4476-3323-7358-4843
= 1000*(6+2+5+1+9+5+6+2-4-3-7-4)+
100*(4+4+3+3+3+3+8+8-4-3-3-8)+
10*(7+8+1+2+5+6+3+4-7-2-5-4)+
(2+0+9+7+4+2+9+7-6-3-8-3)
= 18000+1800+180+20
= 20000
// 快速验算:只进行尾数运算,可以快速检查90%的错误。
2+0+9+7+4+2+9+7-6-3-8-3=20
// 看自己的答案尾数是否为验算结果的尾数,如果不是,则大概率是算错了
例题7:
8257+438+742+5944+6561+54
= 8260-3+440-2+740+2+5940+4+6560+1+60-6
= 8260+740+6560+440+5940+60-3-2+2+4+1-6
= (8260+740)+(6560+440)+(5940+60)-4
= 9000+7000+6000-4
= 22000-4
= 21996
例题8:
1. 159 - [97 - (44 -59)]
= 159 - (97 - 44 + 59)
= 159 - 97 + 44 - 59
= 159 - 59 - 97 + 44
= 100 - 97 + 44
= 47
2. 356 - (14 + 49) - [(86 - 28) + (51 + 56)] + 72
= 356 - 14 - 49 - 86 + 28 - 51 - 56 + 72
= (356 - 56) - (14 + 86) - (49 + 51) + (28 + 72)
= 300 - 100 - 100 + 100
= 200
例题9:
1. 15243 + 54132 + 42351 + 23514 + 31425
= 10000*(1+5+4+2+3) +
1000*(1+5+4+2+3) +
100*(1+5+4+2+3) +
10*(1+5+4+2+3) +
(1+5+4+2+3)
= (10000+1000+100+10+1)*(1+5+4+2+3)
= 11111*15 // 不会速算的见 乘除法巧算
= 166665
例题10:

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